2nd Chapter Notes (Using Scintific Method)

          Dera Ismail khan

Exercise q/answer notes

Written by: Khalid khan Tattar khel

Composed by: Adnan Basher

QNO1: How has the scientific method helped us in our fight against disease?

Ans: The scientific method has helped us a lot in our fight against disease. If we compare present with the past, it is clearly evident that in those days no medicine, surgical tool/facilities, expert doctors/surgeons and hospitals were available. Due to modern research in medical field, no disease is incurable. Science is making progress rapidly and more and more wonders are likely to occur in medical and other fields of life.

QNO2: Write a note on better sanitary conditions available in our cities today and compare them with what they were like hundred years ago?

Ans: In our cities, sanitary conditions are far better than those in the past. In old times, there were open toilets and the waste or garbage mixed with drinking water which caused spread of disease. Now, streets are properly paved. Due to the proper pipeline and drainage system, drinking water is supplied to all homes. Dirty water is drained separately. So due to the scientific method, we have had a rapid progress in sanitation and supply of pure water.

QNO3: What are the sanitary conditions available in our villages today and how would you improve them?

Ans: In our villages sanitary conditions are better than they were in past but as compared to the cities, there are some problems. For example wells are not cleaned or protected well. People are not aware of the importance of cleanliness due to lack of education. However recent governments are plating special attention to rural areas also and change is coming positively.

QNO4: How has the scientific method helped us in the production and preservation of foods?

Ans: Scientific approach and method has enabled us to produce more and better food. Now, production yield per acre has increased because of modern farming techniques and chemical fertilizers etc. The education of farmers has also led to improvement in this field, due to preservation and freezing system, food is available throughout year.

QNO5: We are generally less fearful than our ancestors. What were our ancestors afraid of?

Ans: There is no doubt that in the near past, no control on disease was possible. So people suffered from many diseases and fought helplessly. So before such a thing they were helpless. They were afraid of the prevailing disease in their community. Similarly they were superstitions and believed blindly in supernatural happenings which made their lives worse. Now, science has given us critical mind and solutions to chase problems. So we are less fearful than our ancestors.

QNO6: How has the scientific method enabled us to get over the old fears?

Ans: Science has given us a lot of inventions after experimentations. Due to science, man has become more critical. Now, no man accepts facts without proof. Supernatural happenings are no more believed to be supernatural. There is always reason for happening. Science has enabled us to overcome fear of disease due to modern medicines.

QNO7: What part did astrology play in the lives of men and women in the past? Give examples.

Ans: Astrology played important role in lives of the people in the past. They believed blindly in what astrologers told them. There was no critical approach. They were superstitious. So astrologers took advantage of the simplicity and ignorance of the unaware peoples.

QNO8: Describe some of the superstitions still current in our country. How do they effect the lives of those who believed in them?

Ans: Superstitious people who believe that when the black cat jumps across the road, something bad may happen. Walking in the shadow of the trees invites the anger of the ghosts. When the crow sitting on the wall, guests are expected.  Superstitious peoples live in fear of unseen forces. They can not live normal lives.